- Research Methodology
- Hypothesis - the values need to be provided for the prediction.
- Once the hypothesis becomes sound, it becomes a theory.
- First step: Characterization - Obersartions, MEasurements, etc
- Second step: Hyphothesis - Explanation of observations
- Third step: Predictions - Reasoning, logical deduction
- Fourth step: Experiments - Data collection
- Take out of the effect from the cause - Deductive reasoning
- Generalize from limited observations - Inductive reasoning
- Finding the cause from the effect - Abduction
- E.g, water all over the area, so it could be predicted that there was rain
- Hypothesis can be generated from these three reasoning.
- Problem Solving:
- Analogy: Look for similar problem which is solved.
- Partition: To break problems into smaller sub problems to solve it easily
- Random/Motivated Guesses: Guessing a solution to problem
- Generalize: Find essential feature of specific problem and tell a general problem.
- Different types of research
- Basic/Fundamental Research - No immediate use of the experiments. E.g, astronomy, elementary particles, chemical reactions
- Applied Research - Immediate use of the experiment.
- Quantitative and Qualitative Methods
- Both are used in the research.
- Other types of research
- Survey - Qualitative - Using the interviews
- Case Study - Qualitative Research, detailed exploration of single situation
- Action Research - Qualitative and Quantitative - It is done when very less information is present
- Experiment - Quantitative - Testing in a controlled environment, modifying the variable to check the effects
- Research process models
- 1. Sequential - This works like waterfall model.
- Problems:
- Cannot go back to previous step
- Not generalized
- 2. Generalized - Subject Specific Models, e.g, natural science and mathematics
- Problems:
- No repetiton
- Starting and order point fixed
- 3. Circulatory - Can be any starting point and can repeat the process
- 4. Evolutionary
- With time, the algorithm, tools are being changed.
- Selecting the topic for research
- Area of interest
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